all disliked things.

The believers offer salah with humility. At that time, their hearts contain fear of Allah and their limbs remain calmly still.^[1]

Defining khushūꜤ

Humility (khushūꜤ) is an action of the heart and physical limbs.^[2] The action of the heart is to keep the greatness of Allah Almighty in mind, move one’s focus away from the world, and be inclined towards salah. The action of the outward limbs is to stand still, not look here and there, not to play with the body or clothes, and not engage in futile activity.^[3]

Offering salah with humility is an expiation for sins

The third Caliph of Islam, ꜤUthmān b. ꜤAffān رَضِىَ اللّٰهُ عَـنْهُ narrates:

I heard the Messenger of Allah صَلَّى الـلّٰـهُ عَلَيْهِ وَاٰلِهٖ وَسَلَّم say, “Whichever Muslim finds the time for obligatory salah has arrived, performs ablution well, and offers salah with humility whilst performing rukūꜤ correctly, that salah becomes an expiation for his previous transgressions as long as he does not commit a major sin, and this continues forever (it is not confined to any time).”^[4]

The meaning of rukūꜤ in the context of this Hadith

Shaykh al-Munāwī رَحْمَةُ الـلّٰـهِ عَـلَيْه comments on this Hadith by saying:

In the context of this Hadith, rukūꜤ refers to all integrals of salah. This connotes one must offer salah properly and with humility. To offer all integrals of salah properly means to offer each in the