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fish is a limbless cold-blooded animal (living completely in water), which is from the family of vertebrate (having a backbone or spinal column), but there are many species of fish that do not have a backbone or spinal column. Many fish use gills to breathe and fins to move. Many of them lay eggs while some have babies. Some species are also able to fly briefly.
In Badā’i-uṣ-Ṣanā’i a famous book of the Ḥanafī school of thought, it is written that: All aquatic animals are Ḥarām (forbidden for consumption) except fish. Fish is Ḥalāl except dead fish that floats upside down on the surface of the water. The companions have said the same; all species of fish are identical, or equivalent, to be Ḥalāl whether it is Jirrīš or Mārmāĥī (which resembles a snake and also called Bām fish) or any other species. Because the arguments we mentioned regarding fish being a Ḥalāl animal to eat does not have any difference as to which group of fish is Ḥalāl and which is not except the one which is specified with an argument (proof). The permission to eat Jirrīš is reported by Sayyidunā ‘Alī کَـرَّمَ الـلّٰـهُ تَـعَـالٰی وَجۡـھَـهُ الۡـکَـرِیۡم and Ibn ‘Abbās رَضِىَ الـلّٰـهُ تَعَالٰی عَـنْهُمَا, whereas there is no narration reported against, therefore, it is a unanimous consent. (Derived from: Badā’i-uṣ-Ṣanā’i, vol. 4, pp. 146)
The extract from Badā’i-uṣ-Ṣanā’i elucidates that all species of fish are Ḥalāl except some in thousands of species about which
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