stated: 'The person who will receive the mildest torment in Hellfire will have shoes of fire placed on his feet, due to which his brain will boil.'^[1]

(5) To develop a mindset of patience during calamities, one should reflect on those who are more afflicted than oneself, considering that 'compared to so-and-so, my suffering is very little.' In this way, one's own calamity will feel lighter, and it will become easier to be patient.

(6) Another way to make patience easier during a calamity is to develop a mindset that this calamity is temporary and mild, and will soon come to an end; however, the reward for patience will never cease. Therefore, there is great good in patience.

(7) When a calamity strikes, to instil fear of Allah Almighty in the heart, to attain steadfastness upon patience, and to protect oneself from taking wrong steps, one should seek repentance and forgiveness while developing the mindset that 'the calamity that has befallen me is a result of my own evil deeds,' as Allah Almighty states in Surah al-Shūrā, Chapter 25, verse 30:

وَ مَاۤ  اَصَابَکُمْ مِّنْ مُّصِیْبَۃٍ  فَبِمَا کَسَبَتْ اَیْدِیْکُمْ وَ یَعْفُوْا عَنْ کَثِیْرٍ (ؕ۳۰)

And the calamity which befell you was due to what your hands have earned, and He forgives much.^[2]

Under the above-mentioned sacred verse, Ṣadr al-Afāḍil, Mawlana Sayyid Mufti Muhammad NaꜤim al-Dīn Murādābādī رَحْمَةُ الـلّٰـهِ عَـلَيْه states:

This address is directed at those believing, legally responsible (i.e., sane and adult Muslims) individuals who commit sins. The meaning is that most of the afflictions and calamities that befall believers in this world are due to their sins. Allah Almighty